Heads of AI platforms like OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Google’s Gemini say they care about safety. But owning the future of AI means pouring billions into models that not even their creators fully understand, and making choices like adding ads – and the capabilities that the Pentagon is now seeking from Anthropic – that raise risk. Anthropic, which styles itself as the most conscientious frontier AI company, says its model is trained to “imagine how a thoughtful senior Anthropic employee” would weigh helpfulness against possible harm. The directive echoes criticisms levied years ago over Silicon Valley companies that shaped the lives of users worldwide from insular boardrooms. Consumers don’t believe they are in good hands. Fully 77% of Americans surveyed last year think AI could pose a threat to humanity.
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《文明6》中的弹道学和控制论科技弹道学，顾名思义，是研究炮弹弹道的学说。由于炮弹一经发射便无法调整，而且开炮意味着阵地位置暴露。经验丰富的炮手往往会在发射前认真收集距离、地形、风速等信息，然后通过理论推演计算出精准的弹道，炮弹按照计算角度发射即可按弹道轨迹击中目标。这种弹道学思路主导了 19 世纪到 20 世纪之间的战争，但是却存在一个局限性：距离越远，弹道计算越困难。当距离更远的时候，会对结果产生影响的变量将迅速增多，结果将难以预测，问题变成一个混沌系统，计算精准弹道几乎不可能。为了解决这个问题，新的控制论思路放弃了计算弹道。提出可以给炮弹加上动力，通过在空中时刻调整方向和姿态瞄准目标来解决距离过远时无法计算弹道的问题。这是就是后来导弹设计的基本思路。